Adhemarius
Adhemarius ypsilon, Boca Tapada, Alejuela, Costa Rica, |
 Adhem. dariensis prominent, dark, oblique, pm line quickly distinguishes this species the wide, dark, basal band does not meet the lower edge of the costa |
 Adhemarius ypsilon dark area on lower half of costa merges with larger area to inner margin; costa generally devoid of other dark patches except very large trapezoid near apex |
 Adhem. fulvescens browner species than gannascus or daphne interrupta dark, apical mark wider than gannascus dark basal band reaches upper edge of costa |
 Adhemarius gannascus dark area on basal costa continuous to inner margin forewing less produced than in dentoni; dark apical area reduced to thin comma |
 Adhemarius daphne no dark area on basal costa dark apical area broader than in gannascus possibly limited to South America |
 A. dap. interrupta no dark area on basal costa Mexico to Costa Rica; very similar to gannascus, but interrupta has wider, dark, apical mark |
Adhemarius palmeri male,
courtesy of Dan Janzen.
Orecta
Orecta venedictoffae male, Costa Rica, courtesy of Dan Janzen,
also flies in Ecuador; unconfirmed in Colombia??
Orecta venedictoffae : note produced, pointed apex.
Protambulyx
Protambulyx goeldii, Boca Tapada, Alejuela, Costa Rica,
June 7, 2013, 957m, courtesy of Gernot Kunz.
 Protambulyx eurycles Fw o. m. broadens inwardly between veins M1/M2 with lobed projections series of drab, olive green-brown, diffuse bars emanating from costa into basal and median areas hw pml inwardly concave in upper 1/3 |
 Protambulyx goeldii Fw o. m. broadens inwardly between veins M1/M2 with smooth inner edge; prominent dark spot at cell apex prominent greenish brown suffusion along and just below costa; hw pml almost straight in upper 1/3 lacks hw median line |
 Protambulyx s. strigilis Fw o. m. non-broadening twixt M1/M2 small basal dot above fw i. m. markings emanating from costa mostly thin irregular streaks rahter than wider, more diffuse and darker, irregular clouds hw pml leaves costa at right angle |