Catocala consors
kah-TOCK-uh-lah mm KON-sors
(J.E. Smith, 1797) Phalaena consors

The Consort Underwing, by Dale Clark.

This site has been created by Bill Oehlke at oehlkew@islandtelecom.com
Comments, suggestions and/or additional information are welcomed by Bill.

TAXONOMY: Superfamily: Noctuoidea Family: Noctuidae Group: Noctuinina Subfamily: Catocalinae Genus: Catocala, Schrank, 1802

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DISTRIBUTION:

Catocala consors consors and subspecies C. consors scorsoni (wingspan: 70mm plus) fly from Maine and Connecticut (unconfirmed) south to Florida and west to Texas and eastern Oklahoma.

It has also been reported in Georgia, Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia.

As far as is known, habitats are open, xeric, scrubby oak-hickory or oak-pine-hickory woodland or sprout growth. A.E. Brower found it in logged areas in Missouri. Schweitzer suggests large scale tornado blow downs or places recovering from wildfires would be good places to look. Frequent prescribed burning could be a negative habitat indicator. Probably also occurs on ridges etc. where edaphic conditions keep tree growth sparse. the only certain key habitat feature is small section EUCARYA hickories, but there are obviously others.

Food Habits The larva eats spring new growth foliage of small hickories probably only section EUCARYA. Probably larvae occur mostly on saplings or sprouts less than two meters tall. This species does not require shagbark hickory like several congeneric species do. By habitat association either or both of CARYA PALLIDA and C. TOMENTOSA are foodplants in New Jersey.

Phenology in New Jersey and Illinois: adults occur in July from larvae hatching about the beginning of May and maturing in about a month. The pupal stage is also about a month. Adults probably appear at the end of May at extreme southern end of range. In general they can be expected with the closely related, ecologically similar and common C. epione in any given area. Local collectors will know when C. epione occurs. Adults fly at night but can be flushed from leaf litter under shrubs by day and may move around to seek shade. Larvae feed mostly at night but (C. C. consors at least) usually do not leave the small hickories by day.

Rick Gillmore writes, "It is very common in Seminole, Orange and Citrus counties in central Florida. The larvae is found on hickory trees, not Amorpha fructicosa. In fact, I seriously doubt that C. consors larvae feed on Amorpha fructicosa."

The forewing has irregular am and pm narrow black lines. The orange-yellow pm band tends to be narrow and irregularly zigzagged. Sometimes the band is wider and slightly less irregular.

Catocala consors is the same as C. pensacola Reiff, 1919. There is a subspecies sorsconi Barnes and Benjamin, 1924.

FLIGHT TIMES AND PREFERRED FOOD PLANTS:

In northern portions of its range, Catocala consors flies as a single generation with moths on the wing gernerally starting in May.

In more southerly locales there may be multiple flights with moths on the wing from late April into July, but it is generally felt that there is a single brood annually. There is a Texas record for April 26. Catocala consors courtesy of James K. Adams, Georgia.

The Catocala consors caterpillar shows a preference for Amorpha fructicosa (Bastard indigo) questionable. Carya (hickory) is a primary host (SG).

ECLOSION:

Adults eclose from .

SCENTING AND MATING:

Catocala consors females emit an airbourne pheromone and males use their antennae to track the scent plume.

EGGS, CATERPILLARS, COCOONS AND PUPAE: Eggs are deposited on tree bark in the fall and hatch the following spring. Mature larvae Image courtesy of

Larval Food Plants

Listed below are primary food plant(s) and alternate food plants. It is hoped that this alphabetical listing followed by the common name of the foodplant will prove useful. The list is not exhaustive, although some species seem very host specific. Experimenting with closely related foodplants is worthwhile.

Amorpha fructicosa ....... Carya

Bastard indigo questionable Hickory

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